Men work at higher employment percentages (full-time or nearly full-time) at all hierarchical levels. At the same time, women are much more likely to work part-time (though the higher the management level, the closer women’s employment percentages edge towards men’s). Therefore, women must likely increase their employment rate to achieve a higher level – or be left out of the talent pool for promotions if they work at lower employment percentages.
This can be challenging due to timing and life phases. Right around “family primetime,” women decrease their employment percentages. This timing coincides with the age group where most promotions happen, between ages 31 and 40.